浅析竹类植物的城市生态环境效应

竹子具有显著的生态效应，在生态建设中发挥着巨大的作用。在总结有关竹类植物生态效应研究成果的基础上，针对现代城市环境特点，着重分析竹类植物对城市环境的生态作用，指出在城市生态环境建设中应重视竹类植物的运用及其生态功能的持续有效发挥。     

武夷山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

使用市场价格替代法、机会成本法和影子工程价格法等评估方法,对武夷山自然保护区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧、休闲游憩等服务功能进行了初步估算。得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为2.28亿元.a-1、保持土壤价值为0.76亿元.a-1、固碳制氧价值为2.20亿元.a-1、净化空气价值为1.76亿元.a-1、休闲游憩价值为6.34亿元.a-1。森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为13.34亿元.a-1。     

森林结构调查最小面积的研究

采用4块100m×100m的天然林样地材料,分别利用角尺度和双相关函数分析4块大样地中不同面积的窗口(小样地)对应林木个体的空间分布格局。结果表明,小样地面积不同其对应林木的空间分布格局也不同,随着样地面积逐渐变大,对应林木的空间分布格局趋于稳定,这意味着森林结构分析必须在一定大小的样地上进行。根据本研究资料,样地面积最小应为2500m2。     

三江平原蒙古栎次生林效应带生态功能模拟

以三江平原试验区为背景,采用植物生态场技术开展次生林效应带生态功能模拟,研究结果表明:蒙古栎林6m效应带产生斑块效应,8m效应带出现边缘效应;4m,6m和8m带的光能利用与风流动模式与效应带的分布方位关系密切,根据光能利用效率总结出蒙古栎林效应带依照8 m带→6m带→4m带逐步演化。     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

Automatic detection of washboarding in bandsaws

This paper presents an on-line method for detecting washboarding generated in bandsaws. It uses a parameter based on the shape of sawing force amplitude distributions. The curve of the probability density function of the parallel sawing force amplitude obeyed a normal distribution for the normal sawn surface, but it changed to an M-shaped distribution when washboarding appeared on the sawn surface of the workpiece. The curve of probability density function of the normal sawing force amplitude obeyed the normal distribution for any sawn surface investigated. The workpiece including a knot did not influence use of the parameter for detecting the appearance of washboarding.     

华溪国有林场可持续经营分析与评价

研究森林经营单位级的可持续经营是实现森林可持续经营的基础和保障,也是我国当前森林经营亟待研究的前沿课题.以广东韶关华溪国有林场为例,结合广东省森林资源二类调查和生态状况调查,探讨森林生态功能上的可持续经营指标体系,指出没有生态上的森林可持续,整个林业的发展将是不可持续的.     

3树种抗旱性的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析法,对红柳、侧柏和合头草等3个树种的抗旱性与9项抗旱指标的相关性进行了分析。关联度分析结果表明:叶绿素含量、叶水势、叶片相对含水量以及电导率与3个树种的关联度分别为0.767 4、0.700 5、0.679 3和0.628 7,它们可作为3个树种重要的抗旱评价指标。     

红锥天然林土壤理化性质及水源涵养功能的研究

对福建华安红锥天然林土壤理化性质及林下凋落物持水能力的分析表明 :红锥天然林土壤各营养元素含量丰富 ,表土层养分状况优于深土层 ,但土壤偏酸 ,淋溶与富铝化作用强烈。红锥天然林的土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量及林下凋落物的水源涵养功能均比一般杉木人工林优越。     

Technical efficiency in the spice based agroforestry sector in Matale district, Sri Lanka

Spices constitute an important sub-sector of the economy of Sri Lanka. Most perennial spices are cultivated in agroforestry types of farming systems. A field survey was conducted covering 127 agroforestry farmers in six divisional secretariats in Matale district during the period of October to December 2002. Technical efficiency of spice based agroforestry systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs for farm inputs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and constraints and potential of the agroforestry system were also investigated. According to a stochastic frontier production function using a Cobb–Douglas model, hired labour, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, land size, and soil conservation measures showed significant positive effects on the agroforestry production. The mean technical efficiency of the spice based agroforestry systems was 84.32%. According to the inefficiency model the efficiency increased significantly as a result of farm visits by extension officers, participation in farmer training, less sloping lands, more experience, and higher diversity of the agroforestry system. Technical efficiency decreased, however, with higher education level of the farmer and with higher off-farm income. Unsustainability of the agroforestry system is seen as a result of a␣range of constraints related to productivity, market, technology and institutions.